TERENCE C. KERN, District Judge.
Before the Court is Defendant Unit Drilling Company's Motion to Dismiss First Amended Complaint and Brief in Support (Doc. 53), wherein Defendant Unit Drilling Company ("Defendant") moves to dismiss the claims of Plaintiff Equal Opportunity Employment Commission ("EEOC") pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1).
On February 4, 2009, Plaintiff-Intervenor Patsy Craig ("Craig") filed a charge of discrimination with the EEOC alleging sex discrimination by Defendant. (Mot. to Dismiss 3.) In her charge, Craig claimed she was not hired by Defendant because she is female. (Id., Ex. 1-A ("[T]he corporate office said they could not hire a woman because they did not have bunk housing for women.").)
After Craig filed her charge, the EEOC began to investigate her claim. On April 27, 2011, the EEOC notified Defendant that the EEOC was expanding the scope of its investigation to "a nation-wide class investigation of all facilities owned or operated by Unit Drilling Co." (Resp., Ex. 2.) The EEOC requested Defendant provide certain information and documents to assist with its investigation for the relevant time period of September 1, 2006 to April 1, 2011. (Id.)
On June 28, 2013, the EEOC issued a letter of determination regarding the merits of Craig's charge ("Letter of Determination"). The Letter of Determination provided, in part, as follows:
(Mot. to Dismiss, Ex. 1-B.) The Letter of Determination invited Defendant to engage in conciliation but stated that "[i]f the Respondent declines to discuss settlement or when, for any other reason, a settlement acceptable to the office Director is not obtained, the Director will inform the parties and advise them of the court enforcement alternatives available...." (Id.)
On August 30, 2013, the EEOC initiated conciliation of this matter by letter to Defendant's counsel ("Conciliation Letter"). The Conciliation Letter proposed remedies on behalf of Craig and four other female job applicants, specifically Sydney Thompson, Samantha Davidovich, Kim Wilson, and Hali Hollowell, whom the EEOC determined "were subjected to unlawful employment discrimination in hiring." (Id., Ex. 1-C.) The Conciliation Letter outlined certain proposed remedies and sought $2,000,000.00 on behalf of Craig and the other identified aggrieved individuals. The Conciliation Letter requested that Defendant respond by September 14, 2012 and specified that "[i]f conciliation efforts fail and the Commission files suit based on the charge, the Commission may seek relief for additional aggrieved individuals who are identified or discriminated against
Defendant did not respond to the Conciliation Letter by September 14, 2012. As a result, David Rucker ("Rucker"), the EEOC investigator assigned to Craig's charge, called Defendant's counsel on September 17, 2012. (Resp. Mot. to Dismiss, Ex. 1.) Rucker testified that he left Defendant's counsel a voicemail asking him to respond to the Conciliation Letter and extending the deadline to September 19, 2012. (Id.) On September 20, 2012, Rucker faxed and e-mailed a letter to Defendant's counsel summarizing his conciliation attempts and indicating that he was forwarding the file to EEOC's Legal Unit for possible litigation. (Id., Ex. 1-A.)
Defendant responded to the Conciliation Letter on October 18, 2012 — one month after the EEOC's deadline and twenty days after the EEOC filed suit against Defendant. In its response, Defendant rejected the EEOC's proposal and stated that "[t]he offer of conciliation was so artificially inflated and unreasonable that [Defendant] could not even develop a good faith response to it." (Mot. to Dismiss, Ex. 1-D.)
On September 28, 2012, the EEOC filed suit
A Rule 12(b)(1) motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction may take two forms: a facial attack challenging the complaint's allegations or a factual attack challenging the facts upon which subject matter jurisdiction depends. Holt v. United States, 46 F.3d 1000, 1002 (10th Cir.1995). "[A] facial attack on the complaint's allegations as to subject matter jurisdiction questions the sufficiency of the complaint. In reviewing a facial attack on the complaint, a district court must accept the allegations of the complaint as true." Id. In contrast, "[w]hen reviewing a factual attack on subject matter jurisdiction, a district court may not presume the truthfulness of the complaint's factual allegations. A court has wide discretion to allow affidavits, other documents, and a limited evidentiary hearing to resolve disputed jurisdictional facts under Rule 12(b)(1). In such instances, a court's reference to evidence outside the pleadings does not convert the motion to a Rule 56 motion." Id. (internal citations omitted); see also Honeybaked, 918 F.Supp.2d at 1174 (drawing
A court is only required to convert a Rule 12(b)(1) motion to dismiss into a Rule 56 motion for summary judgment where resolution of the jurisdictional question is intertwined with the merits of the case. "The jurisdictional question is intertwined with the merits of the case if the subject matter jurisdiction is dependent on the same statute which provides the substantive claim in the case." Holt, 46 F.3d at 1002 (citing Wheeler v. Hurdman, 825 F.2d 257, 259 (10th Cir.1987)).
Defendant attacks subject matter jurisdiction on both a factual and a facial basis by arguing that (1) the EEOC actually failed to satisfy the administrative prerequisites before filing suit,
Title VII was amended in 1972 to give the EEOC "broad enforcement powers by authorizing it to bring civil actions in federal district court against private employers reasonably suspected of violating Title VII. The new enforcement power was intended not only to bring about more effective private enforcement, but to vindicate the public interest." EEOC v. St. Louis-S.F. Ry. Co., 743 F.2d 739, 743-44 (10th Cir.1984). Title VII places a strong emphasis on administrative resolution of disputes:
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b). The statute "establishes a comprehensive administrative procedure whereby the parties involved, including the EEOC, have the fullest opportunity to resolve charges of discrimination without resorting to the courts." EEOC v. Outback Steak House of Fla., Inc., 520 F.Supp.2d 1250, 1262 (D.Colo. 2007) (citing EEOC v. Am. Nat'l Bank, 652 F.2d 1176, 1184-85 (4th Cir.1981)). Exhaustion of these administrative remedies is a prerequisite to suit under Title VII. Apsley v. Boeing Co., 691 F.3d 1184, 1210 (10th Cir.2012).
Before the EEOC can file suit against an employer, the following must occur: (1) charge filed with the EEOC against the employer; (2) notice of the charge to the employer; (3) investigation by the EEOC; (4) determination of reasonable cause; and (5) good faith effort at conciliation. Outback Steak House, 520
Defendant challenges whether the EEOC satisfied the second and fifth requirements set forth above. The Court will address each in turn. Defendant contends the EEOC only provided notice of claims by Craig and the other four individuals specifically identified in the Determination Letter and the Conciliation Letter and that the EEOC should not be permitted to bring claims on behalf of any unidentified aggrieved individuals.
Generally, the EEOC can only bring an enforcement action based on unlawful conduct that was "discovered and disclosed during the pre-litigation process." Honeybaked, 918 F.Supp.2d at 1179. "The claims that can be asserted in an enforcement action must have been disclosed to the employer pre-litigation." Id. However, the court in Honeybaked distinguished between pre-litigation disclosure of the alleged unlawful conduct and pre-litigation disclosure of the specific identities and numbers of aggrieved individuals.
Id. at 1179-80.
Here, the EEOC informed Defendant that it was expanding its investigation into a nationwide investigation of potential sex discrimination against females who submitted job applications between September 1, 2006 and April 1, 2011.
Defendant also argues the EEOC only attempted to conciliate on behalf of Craig and the four other identified aggrieved individuals. (Mot. to Dismiss 10 ("At no point did the EEOC attempt to conciliate with Defendant on behalf of any `qualified female applicants' beyond the five individuals identified by name in its Conciliation Letter.").)
To satisfy the jurisdictional requirements of § 2000e-5(b), the EEOC need only make a "sufficient albeit limited effort to conciliate." EEOC v. Prudential Fed. Sav. & Loan Assoc., 763 F.2d 1166, 1169 (10th Cir.1985). "Adequate conciliation has been described as informing the defendant of the nature and extent of the violations and of the relief sought, giving the defendant an opportunity to respond, and advising the defendant that if the informal methods fail, the case will be reviewed for possible legal action." EEOC v. Kan., No. 81-4114, 1982 WL 303, at *3 (D.Kan. Apr. 8, 1982).
The EEOC satisfied its obligation by making a sufficient effort to conciliate. In the Conciliation Letter, the EEOC informed Defendant of the nature and extent of the violations and the relief sought. Defendant was on notice that the EEOC was conducting a nationwide investigation, and the Conciliation Letter even proposed changes to occur at all of Defendant's facilities, not just those at which Craig and the other identified individuals applied. Defendant, therefore, had sufficient notice that the EEOC's conciliation efforts were on behalf of a potential nationwide class. See Outback Steak House, 520 F.Supp.2d at 1268-69 (suggesting that the EEOC articulate "the geographic scope of claims against defendant-employers, so as to make sure all parties are on the same page during conciliation. Clearly, the threat of a national class action is a greater incentive to conciliate...."). The EEOC repeatedly gave Defendant opportunities to engage in conciliation, but Defendant chose to respond after the deadline passed and after the EEOC filed suit. Accordingly, the EEOC's claims will not be dismissed for failure to conciliate. See EEOC v. JBS USA, LLC, 794 F.Supp.2d 1188, 1198 (D.Colo.2011) ("In the Tenth Circuit, if there has been any attempt at conciliation, the action cannot be dismissed for failure to attempt conciliation").
Defendant additionally argues that the allegations of the First Amended Complaint do not, on their face, allege that the EEOC exhausted all administrative prerequisites before filing suit. In the First Amended Complaint, the EEOC alleges that "[a]ll conditions precedent to the institution of this lawsuit have been fulfilled." (Doc. 52 at ¶ 6.) The EEOC does not refer specifically to the requirements of § 2000e-5(b) in the First Amended Complaint.
"A plaintiff invoking the court's subject matter jurisdiction `must allege in his pleadings the facts essential to show jurisdiction' and, if challenged, must support those allegations by a preponderance of the evidence." Pretlow v. Garrison, 420 Fed.Appx. 798, 802 (10th Cir.2011) (unpublished); see also Patillo v. Larned State Hosp., 462 Fed.Appx. 780, 784 (10th Cir. 2012) (unpublished) ("[E]xhaustion of administrative remedies is a jurisdictional prerequisite for Title VII claims and as such it is something plaintiff must `plead and show' to avoid dismissal."). Because the Court has already determined that the EEOC has, indeed, satisfied the jurisdictional
Defendant also seeks dismissal of any claims arising from conduct that occurred prior to April 10, 2008, three hundred days before Craig filed her charge, based on the three hundred day statute of limitations in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1). In both Oklahoma and Utah, a plaintiff alleging Title VII violations must file a charge with the EEOC within three hundred days of the alleged discriminatory employment practice. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1), Johnson v. City of Murray, 909 F.Supp.2d 1265, 1283 (D.Utah 2012) (explaining that Utah is a "deferral state" because a state agency has the authority to investigate employment discrimination); Thuc Tran v. Sonic Indus. Servs., Inc., 767 F.Supp.2d 1217, 1224 n. 1 (W.D.Okla.2011) (same with regard to Oklahoma).
Defendant also seeks to limit the claims of unidentified aggrieved individuals in a forward-looking direction pursuant to the "single filing rule." However, the single filing rule relates to an individual's ability to intervene in an existing lawsuit without first filing a charge with the EEOC and satisfying the required administrative prerequisites. See Thiessen v. Gen. Elec. Capital Corp., 267 F.3d 1095, 1110 (10th Cir.2001) ("Federal courts universally hold that an individual who has not filed an administrative charge can opt-in to a suit filed by any similarly situated plaintiff under certain conditions."). The single filing rule does not address the scope of the charges that may be brought by the EEOC in an enforcement action.
Thiessen, 267 F.3d at 1110. In an enforcement action, the EEOC must satisfy the administrative prerequisites, discussed supra Part II.B, before filing suit. One of these prerequisites requires the EEOC to give the employer notice of the allegations against it. As discussed supra Part II.B, Defendant was on notice of the scope and nature of the allegations against it.
Defendant Unit Drilling Company's Motion to Dismiss First Amended Complaint and Brief in Support (Doc. 53) is DENIED. Defendant's Objections to the Magistrate's September 5, 2013 Order (Doc. 68) and Motion to Stay Discovery Pending its Objections to the Magistrate's September 5 Order (Doc. 71) are DENIED as moot.